Functional Diagnostics of Pea Varieties on Different Nutritional Systems on Leached Chernozem Using a Non-invasive Method

The article examines the functional diagnostics of pea plants using the example of the varieties Salamanca, Madonna and Rodnik, which are cultivated on three agricultural backgrounds using recommended (N15P30K30), calculated (N20P45K30) and minimal (N10P10K10) + water-soluble fertilizer. The work was carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The meteorological conditions of the territory are characterized by sufficient moisture, but uneven precipitation throughout the year. The average annual precipitation is 551 mm. The sum of active temperatures is 3000–3200 ℃. The farm soil is leached chernozem with an average supply of organic matter. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of mineral fertilizers in various doses and complex microfertilizers on indicators characterizing the state of the pigment complex and nitrogen content in pea leaves. A spectral analysis of plant leaves was carried out under the field conditions using a Polypen RP 410 device, which makes it possible to determine the physiological state of plants using vegetation indices: PSSRa (Pigment Specific Simple Ratio Chlorophyll a), PSSRb (Pigment Specific Simple Ratio Chlorophyll b), CRI550 (Carotenoid Reflectance Indices), SIPI (Structure-Intensive Pigment Index) and N550 (Nitric Index). The obtained data were processed in the Spectrapen program. To obtain stable yields of the Rodnik and Salamanca varieties, it is advisable to cultivate them on the recommended (N15P30K30) and calculated agricultural background (N20P45K30) and the Madonna variety only on the recommended (N15P30K30).