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For more than 50 years the UK and its citizens were part of what became the European Union, and its people lived and worked with fellow Europeans, enjoying equal treatment and benefitting from a principle of non-discrimination on nationality grounds. When European Citizenship was realised in 1992, all EU member state citizens enjoyed the rights and privileges it conveyed. However, the fateful Brexit referendum outcome threw millions of lives into disarray and changed the political and social dimensions of people’s daily expectations and aspirations from a settled course into a state of uncertainty. What followed the vote was a scrambling to establish a new post-divorce relationship that addressed the futures of those who had shaped their lives on an expectation of ongoing EU membership. This chapter addresses the fates of former and current EU citizens. It begins with an exploration of what made EU citizenship a unique entity, both in terms of its acquisition and loss and the scale and scope of the potential advantages it offered its beneficiaries. It considers the range of rights on offer, but also considers its relative fragility and brittleness, particularly in terms of its limitations regarding those most in need of its protection. The first part closes with the state of citizenship on the eve of the Brexit vote: the second part considers the tortuous means by which the new relationship between the parties was realised and contrasts the differing fortunes of UK citizens continuing their residence on EU territory with the tribulations facing EU citizens resident in the UK, particularly in light of a hostile political climate. The final part of this chapter looks to the future relationship between the EU and the UK, and their fates of their different extra-territorial citizenries. The discussion is hopeful on the part of the EU’s future citizenship outlook, using Brexit as a means of rebuilding and regenerating its sui generis construct: for the UK, however, the future appears less positive, with its citizens being deprived of a secondary form of citizenship irrespective of their personal wishes and with their principal citizenship facing devaluation in the international arena.

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When Citizens Become Foreigners: The Changing Fortunes of Citizens in the Post-Brexit Environment

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Jules Bradshaw

摘要

For more than 50 years the UK and its citizens were part of what became the European Union, and its people lived and worked with fellow Europeans, enjoying equal treatment and benefitting from a principle of non-discrimination on nationality grounds. When European Citizenship was realised in 1992, all EU member state citizens enjoyed the rights and privileges it conveyed. However, the fateful Brexit referendum outcome threw millions of lives into disarray and changed the political and social dimensions of people’s daily expectations and aspirations from a settled course into a state of uncertainty. What followed the vote was a scrambling to establish a new post-divorce relationship that addressed the futures of those who had shaped their lives on an expectation of ongoing EU membership. This chapter addresses the fates of former and current EU citizens. It begins with an exploration of what made EU citizenship a unique entity, both in terms of its acquisition and loss and the scale and scope of the potential advantages it offered its beneficiaries. It considers the range of rights on offer, but also considers its relative fragility and brittleness, particularly in terms of its limitations regarding those most in need of its protection. The first part closes with the state of citizenship on the eve of the Brexit vote: the second part considers the tortuous means by which the new relationship between the parties was realised and contrasts the differing fortunes of UK citizens continuing their residence on EU territory with the tribulations facing EU citizens resident in the UK, particularly in light of a hostile political climate. The final part of this chapter looks to the future relationship between the EU and the UK, and their fates of their different extra-territorial citizenries. The discussion is hopeful on the part of the EU’s future citizenship outlook, using Brexit as a means of rebuilding and regenerating its sui generis construct: for the UK, however, the future appears less positive, with its citizens being deprived of a secondary form of citizenship irrespective of their personal wishes and with their principal citizenship facing devaluation in the international arena.