Introduction and Background

Within every living organism, myriad biomolecules constantly interact and undergo reactions to sustain essential cellular functions. These biomolecules vary widely, both in size and function. At the macro level, we have macromolecules: proteins that catalyze various biochemical reactions and provide structural integrity to tissues, carbohydrates that serve as primary energy sources and offer structural support, lipids that form cellular membranes and store energy, and nucleic acids that carry genetic information and regulate protein synthesis. On the smaller scale, there are molecules like vitamins that support enzymatic reactions, and hormones that transmit signals and modulate protein activities. Each biomolecule plays its specific role, and collectively, they ensure the organism remains in good health and enable it to overcome the diverse challenges presented in Nature.