The modern self is severely criticized on at least five grounds: (a) it is defined as having an existence in separation from other selves and from society at large; (b) it is basically considered as an ahistorical phenomenon; (c) its unity is emphasized with neglect of its multiplicity; (d) its embeddedness in relations of social power is neglected; and (e) it suffers from mind-body dualism. Dialogical self theory (DST), as an emergent field in psychology, responds to these criticisms by proposing the self as a multiplicity of individual and collective positions and voices involved in dialogical relationships. After sketching the core of the theory and its historical origin, the main fields in which the theory is applied are exposed: cultural, constructivist, educational, organizational psychology, psychotherapy, and method construction. Two main challenges to the DST field are discussed. Finally, three promising future perspectives are outlined: the concepts of “position uncertainty” as characterizing the uncertainty of this era, “we-positions” as referring to collective voices in the self as a society of mind, and the significance of the “democratic organization of the self” in contemporary society.