Polycentrism refers to an approach in the history and theory of psychology that emphasizes multiple interconnected centers of theoretical, methodological, and cultural development rather than a single dominant narrative. Originating from Kurt Danziger’s work, this perspective challenges traditional, Eurocentric, or American-centric histories by emphasizing the interplay and mutual influences among diverse intellectual centers. A polycentric history does not merely aggregate local narratives; rather, it explores interactions, translations, appropriations, and conflicts across psychological traditions and contexts. Debates within this framework address methodological difficulties, cultural universality, and the challenges of internationalization and indigenization in psychology. Polycentrism opens possibilities for a richer epistemological and methodological pluralism and offers new pathways for theoretical psychology through international dialogue and interdisciplinary approaches, enhancing critical reflection on knowledge production.