The entry presents the concept of the collective unconscious within the general scope of C. G. Jung’s Analytical Psychology. To do so, we discuss the historical development of this concept, demonstrating its link to scientific psychological theories. It is also approached from an interdisciplinary perspective, debating with fields such as biology, philosophy, literature, mythology, religion, and politics. We highlight the rich application of this theory by the Brazilian psychiatrist Nise da Silveira. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in the concept’s reception, which are tied to its relatively low academic acceptance and to the appropriation and reformulation of these ideas by fields of knowledge both inside and outside the Jungian sphere. Regarding its possibilities, the use of this concept is pointed out in areas such as clinical practice, methodology, art research, and social analysis, among others. Finally, we recall that Jung created the concept of the collective unconscious as a way to scientifically ground his psychology through a rich interdisciplinary exchange.