This text presents the concept of archetype based on the theoretical framework of C.G. Jung’s Analytical Psychology. For that, the historical development and anthropological and philosophical foundations for the gradual development of this concept are outlined. In this sense, the differentiation between archetype and archetypal image was highlighted, and the development of the concept of psychoid archetype, based on interdisciplinary debates, respectively, with biologists and the physicist Wolfgang Pauli. The relationship between instinct and archetype was linked to the impulses to act and create images, pointing to the connection between psyche and matter. To understand the relationship between consciousness and the unconscious, Jung developed a complex theoretical-conceptual framework based on the prospective nature of the unconscious. Based on these considerations, the importance of the notion of archetype for studies in philology, visual arts, mental health, mathematics, physics, education, and epistemology was indicated, demonstrating that interdisciplinary debates characterize the production of knowledge based on Analytical Psychology.