This entry introduces the American scientist and psychologist Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904–1990) as the leading proponent of Behavior Analysis as well as his psychological theory. Our goal is to outline Skinner’s project, which aimed to provide a scientific explanation of organism behavior, especially human behavior, and to develop techniques and technology to modify the environments in which individuals live. The entry presents Skinner’s academic biography, discusses the behavioral technologies he developed, and concludes with an analysis of how these technologies were indigenized in Brazil. We argue that Skinner proposition was eminent technological and was grounded in a technocratic scenario. This context, in the United States, leads to the Behavior Analysis development as a scientific community and a behavioral technology. Meanwhile in Brazil that scenario framed the indigenization of Skinner’s proposition as a tool for dealing with social issues. Hence, the entry highlights not only the impact of Skinner’s theory beyond the United States but also how his scientifically grounded and technologically oriented approach, focused on human problems, was adopted by countries seeking to address social issues tied to mid-twentieth-century urban modernization.