Critical pedagogy is an educational philosophy and practice that challenges conventional approaches to teaching and learning by examining how power relations, social inequalities, and dominant ideologies shape educational experiences. Rooted in Paulo Freire’s work with marginalized Brazilian communities, critical pedagogy aims to develop critical consciousness among learners, enabling them to understand and transform oppressive social conditions. Within psychology, critical pedagogy offers frameworks for decolonizing psychological knowledge, interrogating the discipline’s complicity in the creation and maintenance of systems of oppression, and creating liberatory educational practices. Contemporary developments include intersectional feminist contributions, decolonial pedagogies from Global South scholars, and Indigenous approaches that center relational and land-based ways of knowing. Critical pedagogy emphasizes praxis, dialogue, and participatory learning as alternatives to traditional banking education models.