Cognitive behavioral therapy refers both to the clinical approach developed by Aaron Beck, an American psychiatrist who formulated the cognitive model in the 1960s and 1970s, and to the set of approaches that share the premise of the influence of thoughts on emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses. Derived from behavioral therapy and based on empiricism and realism, cognitive behavioral therapy was initially designed to treat depression but was soon adapted to different disorders, populations, and contexts, consolidating itself as an effective intervention focused on identifying and modifying dysfunctional cognitive and behavioral patterns. Didactically, its evolution can be divided into three generations: the first, characterized by an emphasis on behavior; the second, focused on cognitive processes; and the third, which encompasses contemporary approaches within the same theoretical family, characterized by the integration of clinical and theoretical models, by the appreciation of context and sociocultural variables over clinical presentations, and by the expansion of mental health concepts. Currently, there is a renewed and expanded cognitive behavioral clinic, from theoretical and conceptual aspects to technological and practical ones.