Greenhouse Gas Emission from Different Fertilizers (Organic, Inorganic, and Integrated) in Management Agroecosystems

Rising greenhouse gases like CO2, N2O, and CH4 emission from different agriculture are a matter of concern, and we are bolstered to concerted effort to battle its fallouts. Fertilizers have become an essential part of our global food supply chain and are necessary to sustain our growing population. Improper use of fertilizers can have a detrimental effect on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems by causing soil nutrient depletion (through unbalanced fertilization), soil acidification, eutrophication, nutrient runoff, reduced biological diversity, and significantly increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural practices. Improving crop yield and reducing GHG emissions are associated similarly with the agricultural management system. Mitigation and adaptation strategies provide solutions to climate issues and offset the carbon footprint. Approaches that enhance carbon sequestration, better nature outcomes, and stronger resilience to extreme weather events, including flood control, drought management, and heat and cold stress tolerance, make a more robust agriculture system under climate change scenario. Reduce–reuse–recycle approach of resources is exposed to a plethora of enhancing resource use efficiency as well as productivity. This chapter explains GHG dynamics, different fertilizers associated with GHG emissions, nitrogen cycle, methods to study GHG emissions, and their management approaches.