Digital Twin Framework for the Operations of Baggage Handling System and Aeronautical Ground Lightings: A Case Study of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Digital Twin technology, which has emerged from the fourth industrial revolution, is crucial to further enhancing the complexity of infrastructure operations. Digital Twin technology implementation seeks to improve airport operations’ efficiency by combining assets and real-time data. This study aims to develop the framework of Digital Twin implementation framework for airport operations, using Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (SHIA) as the case study. The conceptual framework was specifically tailored for operating systems, particularly Baggage Handling Systems (BHS) and Aeronautical Ground Lighting (AGL) at SHIA. The mixed-methods approach, including observation, archive analysis, case studies, and benchmarking, was utilized to comprehend the current state of the infrastructure and the level of digital advancement in SHIA. The study found that the infrastructure of SHIA is lacking in the integration of data and models. The level of digitalization at Element 2 of the Maturity Spectrum is inadequate for the implementation of a system based on Digital Twin technology. The verified conceptual framework, informed by benchmarking precedents, comprises five layers: Data Acquisition, Transmission, Digital Modeling, Data/Model Integration, and Service, demonstrates potential for practical implementation, aiming to optimize operations and enhance efficiency.