Net Zero: Science and Policy

This chapter sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of net zero ambitions’ complexities, beginning with presenting the fundamental concepts underlying net zero science. From defining net zero and greenhouse gas emissions to unravelling the nuances of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 emissions, the chapter lays a robust foundation for understanding the quest for achieving carbon neutrality. A historical perspective offers insights into the evolution of net zero goals, including the European Union’s perspective on climate change mitigation. Central to the chapter is examining measurement and tracking mechanisms, analysing how emissions are quantified and monitored globally. The chapter presents case studies, focusing on the United Kingdom’s journey towards net zero, highlighting historical trajectories, policy frameworks, and statistical milestones. Emphasising the importance of net zero, the chapter investigates the environmental impacts of greenhouse gases and the consequences of failing to achieve carbon neutrality, underlining the collective responsibilities of governments, businesses, and individuals. Ultimately, it aims to empower readers to navigate the complexities of net zero aspirations and contribute meaningfully to the global effort to combat climate change.