Artificial Intelligence in Knee Arthroplasty

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to machine algorithms that give the ability to reason and perform cognitive functions. This chapter aims to present the current concepts regarding AI and explain its potential applications in knee arthroplasty. AI has numerous preoperative applications that mainly concern selecting the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process for the patient. Moreover, AI can aid in the surgeon’s training. AI provides a range of important possibilities also during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In particular, it allows for proper positioning and alignment of the implant through the analysis of numerous factors, including anatomical data, balancing of soft tissues, bone preservation, and especially intraoperative feedback (image-based, augmented reality, or robotic-assisted). After TKA, remote patient monitoring (RPM) through smartphones enables the collection of continuous subjective and objective data during the postoperative period. Unresolved challenges persist in AI’s ethical deployment, regulation, and clinical superiority. Nevertheless, knee arthroplasty benefits from the integration of AI-based tools, which enhance the decision-making process, surgical planning, and the consistency of surgical procedures. The ultimate goal is to promote collaborative decision-making between healthcare professionals and AI-based tools, combining doctors’ expertise with AI’s capabilities.