Artificial Intelligence in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Artificial intelligence (AI) may revolutionize foot and ankle (FA) surgery, promising improved patient outcomes and reduced errors in healthcare. By employing sophisticated models and algorithms, AI replicates human-like intelligence, enabling machines to problem-solve, generalize, and draw inferences from complex situations. In the realm of FA surgery, AI can automate radiographic image interpretation, predict surgical outcomes and injury risks, and enhance surgical precision. These advancements not only minimize errors in patient care but also lead to more precise diagnoses. AI’s role extends to lightening the surgeon’s workload by handling redundant tasks, thereby allowing more time for crucial patient interactions, surgical planning, and training. However, the integration of AI in FA surgery is in its early stages, demanding consideration of ethical and cost-related concerns. Rigorous external validation of AI models is essential before their widespread adoption. Moreover, optimizing AI systems regarding weight, size, and appearance while minimizing user energy consumption is crucial. In tandem with AI, robotic technology emerges as a key player in FA surgery, enriching preclinical research, clinical evaluation, preoperative planning, and computer-assisted surgery. Dynamic robotic simulators ensure precise specimen positioning, enhancing our understanding of FA biomechanics. Robotics aid in detailed descriptions of joint motion, bone structures, and ligamentous characteristics, offering advantages over traditional models. Rehabilitation applications of robotics encompass exoskeletons, prosthetics, and robotic rehabilitation instruments. Further research is imperative to validate AI models in clinical settings and explore the full potential of robotics in FA surgery. Ethical and financial considerations notwithstanding, the transformative impact of these technologies on FA surgery cannot be overstated.