Introduction: Theoretical Framework

Arafat offers an in-depth analysis of different theories and approaches employed as a theoretical framework of the book: Copenhagen School of security studies or securitization theory, constructivism, and liberalism. Focusing on the different theories and approaches, this chapter draws attention to the MENA region’s geo-economic, geostrategic, and geopolitical importance, the historical development of human security, the definition and scope of human security between minimalists and maximalists, and the relationship between human security, national security, human development, human rights, and democracy. “Theoretical Framework” concludes that human security differs from region to region, from country to country, and even within the same country: north and south. It also concludes that human security in the MENA region should not be reduced to a narrow definition, as the major threats to human security are coming from within the states.