New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A Rising Pandemic in the Mental Health Field?

Known as “designer drugs” or “legal highs,” new psychoactive substances (NPS), are a growing concern globally. These substances refer to synthetic or modified compounds designed, including synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic opioids, and other compounds, mimicking the effects of traditional illicit drugs while avoiding legal restrictions. The chemical structures of NPS can change quickly, complicating efforts to understand their effects and risks. Although marketed as safe and legal, the use of NPS poses significant challenges to public health and mental health professionals, being a rising concern related to unknown risks, unpredictable and potentially severe physical and mental health consequences, including anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, and toxicity-related overdose. Moreover, their easy availability, both online and in physical stores and their global distribution networks, can contribute to increased use. Efforts to address the accessibility of NPS often involve collaboration between law enforcement, regulatory agencies, and public health organizations. Strategies include updating and expanding legislation to cover a broader range of substances, enhancing international cooperation, and increasing public awareness about risks associated with these substances. It is important for health professionals, policymakers, and public to stay informed about the evolving NPS scenario and work together to implement effective prevention, education, and harm reduction measures.