Since the term Energiewende (energy transition) was coined in the early 1980s, Germany has often been seen as a pioneer in the transition towards an energy system based on renewable energy sources. However, to what extent is the German energy transition linked to the environmental and anti-nuclear movements of the 1980s and shaped by different forms of energy citizenship? Beyond the strong support it receives from a large part of the population, the energy transition encompasses highly diversified faces of citizen involvement. Our empirical investigation of energy citizenship in Germany underlines the key role of engaged individuals (or groups of individuals) in promoting both energy democracy and citizenship by enabling and empowering other citizens to be part of the energy transition in various ways and scales. The latter addresses a large range of issues, from energy saving to renewable energy production and sustainable mobility. The outcome orientation of energy citizenship initiatives differs between rather reformative approaches that try to improve the current energy system and more transformative approaches that question current structures and aim to create a more decentralised, democratic and just energy system. This chapter presents insights into the diversitydiversity of forms of energy citizenship in Germany and the legal and political context in which they operate.