The first chapter introduces the concept of energy citizenship and the innovative approach this book has adopted to investigate it, as well as provides a road map for the remaining chapters. Specifically, the chapter discusses the origins of the concept of energy citizenship and the many forms in which it exists. It then briefly introduces the EnergyPROSPECTS project, the driver behind the production of this collection. This introductory chapter explains how each of the core chapters, drawing on eight national contexts, highlights the geographical differences, the contextual challenges, and the socio-political histories out of which energy citizenship develops.