Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare, life-threatening complication of childbirth which can cause cardiac and/or respiratory collapse in the mother during the peripartum phase. An AFE occurs when the bloodstream is exposed to amniotic fluid and creates a rapid complex state of cardiovascular collapse similar to anaphylactic shock. Disseminated intravascular coagulation typically also occurs. An emergency physician will typically witness signs and symptoms of an AFE soon after a precipitous birth has occurred. The critically ill patient will demonstrate hypoxia, respiratory distress, hypotension, and hypoperfusion. It is important to rapidly identify a suspected AFE and then intervene with an interdisciplinary approach to optimize the care for the acutely ill patient.