Endoscopic Surgery of the Frontal Sinus

Frontal sinus surgery is one of the most difficult procedures not only intraoperatively to clean the frontal recess area and confirm the patency of the frontal ostium but also postoperatively to keep a sufficiently patent functioning ostium. Surgical interventions of the frontal sinus offer a unique surgical challenge because of the idiosyncracies of the frontal sinus outflow tract anatomy. The frontal sinuses rest above the frontal beak in the frontal bone with an outflow tract nestled between the orbits laterally and skull base medially. These fundamental limits of dissection provide what is frequently the most narrow sinusotomy as well as the highest risk for major complications and stenosis.