The Nasal Valves

Each nasal cavity has two valves, external and internal. The external nasal valve (ENV) is defined by the alar rim at the nasal vestibule. The internal nasal valve (INV) is the angle (10–15°) between the upper lateral cartilage and nasal septum. The nasal valve area includes the internal nasal valve, the inferior turbinate, and the area between them. The nasal valves are the narrowest portion of the nasal airway, accounting for over half of the total nasal airway resistance. The internal nasal valve is the primary regulator of nasal airflow. Understanding the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the nasal valve and nasal valve area is essential for restoration of the primary function of the nose and avoidance of iatrogenic dysfunction of the nasal valves Nasal valve dysfunction may be iatrogenic, post-traumatic, or developmental. Correct anatomical diagnosis is key to planning nasal valve surgery. There are a variety of surgical interventions and a number of medical devices that are available for the treatment of nasal valve obstruction.