Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potentials

The aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera was used in the present study as a green, sustainable, easy, and inexpensive technique for ZnO NP synthesis, acting as a capping, stabilizing, and reducing agents. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the generated ZnO NPs were characterized. Using a UV-Vis spectroscope, the hardness and zinc ion reduction in zinc oxide NPs were assessed. The findings demonstrate that at a wavelength of 350 nanometers, a broad bandgap was seen in the visible region. The XRD interpreted that there were no additional peaks corresponding to the contaminants found, indicating the high degree of purity of the information presented. This confirmed the hexagonal/cubic crystalline structure of the ZnO NPs, with an average size of about 40 nm. Strong antibacterial action was demonstrated by the photosynthesized nanoparticles. They are therefore good biocompatible options for pharmacological and therapeutic uses.