Oxidative Stress in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

This chapter provides in-depth knowledge of oxidative stress biomarkers present in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their implications for vascular manifestations. The chapter begins with an overview of diabetes mellitus and its various types, followed by a comprehensive explanation of redox stress and its association with T2DM. A comprehensive list of specific oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) relevant to T2DM is presented, highlighting their association with diabetic complications. Additionally, this chapter discusses approaches for the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers and highlights different treatment modalities for T2DM by targeting OS. Antioxidants, both endogenous and exogenous, are explored as potential therapeutic agents along with novel therapeutic agents that modulate oxidative stress pathways in T2DM.