The Emergency of Chatbots and Student Learning Dilemma: A Comprehensive Review

The advent of natural language processing (NLP) in recent years, such as chatbots, has revolutionised the education system, especially in teaching, learning, and research. Chatbots such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Bing are associated with plagiarism issues and other undesirable consequences in the learning process, with some academics advocating for regulation of the new phenomenon. In the education sector, chatbots assist researchers and students with real-time responses to questions posed, though the responses might be inaccurate. This article discussed the ethical considerations of emerging chatbots using desktop research in research, learning, and teaching. The study compared literature to discuss the ethics and limitations of chatbot use in higher education. The abuse of chatbots by students involves making the chatbots write an assignment, online test, or thesis. Students, lecturers, and researchers should be mindful of the potential impact of unethical behaviour when using chatbots in teaching, learning, and research activities.