Sediment Structure of Subsidence Dolines (Sinkholes)

Sediment structures of subsidence dolines are overviewed. Sediment structures represent doline development, but also indicate the state of the epikarst. Sediments of dolines may be overlying or intercalated (fills). Structures of overlying sediments develop from deposited sediments during doline development. Overlying sediment structures which mostly develop during porosity changes are suffosion structures, suffosion-porosity structures, subsidence with sagging structures, subsidence with sagging–suffosion structures, subsidence with sagging-erosional structures, and collapse structures. Intercalated sediments that develop during activity (streams) are structures with vegetation waste, lamination structures, and lenticular structures.