The Limits of International Cooperation

Although he prioritizes the role of national institutions, Rousseau thinks carefully about opportunities for international cooperation. He examines two possibilities: permanent federation and limited treaties. His writings on Abbé Saint-Pierre consider a European federation dedicated to the security of its members. Although rationally appealing and mutually beneficial, Rousseau concludes that the Abbé’s federation sacrifices justice for stability because it builds on the remnants of imperial institutions and relies upon the jealousy of great-power sponsors. Alternately, Rousseau considers the possibility for limited treaties in Considerations on the Government of Poland. Treaties respond to conflict in more limited ways and protect the freedom of decision for partners. Poland, however, shows little interest in this option. Russia quickly subdues the rebellion and the great powers of Europe divide Polish territory among themselves. I argue, therefore, that readers, once again face a dichotomy. They must consider the tradeoffs between each type of institution and whether they might generate another possibility for international cooperation.