Autoimmune Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent and complex heart condition characterized by the dilation and impaired contractility of both left and right ventricles, often leading to heart failure and transplantation. While some cases of DCM are associated with acute and chronic inflammation, idiopathic DCM is diagnosed after ruling out secondary causes (genetics, infections, toxins, and autoimmune conditions). Autoimmune factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of DCM, particularly in cases of autoimmune DCM (ADCM). Antibodies targeting mitochondrial proteins and cardiac myosin, complement activation, and cytokines contribute to myocardial damage. Clinical manifestations of DCM typically present as heart failure symptoms, including palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Here, we propose a diagnosis criterion for ADCM. Patients with established ADCM will gain the greatest beneficial effect of immunosuppressive and immunomodulating treatment.