Autoimmune Parathyroid Disease
摘要
Chronic hypoparathyroidism (CHP) clinically presents with hypocalcemia associated with its specific signs and symptoms. CHP usually develops following surgical removal of all four parathyroids, while other causes of parathyroid damage are rarer. Autoimmune damage to parathyroids leading to CHP can occur as a part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) or can present as an isolated disease. Autoimmune CHP is marked by the presence of specific autoantibodies and genetic markers which are reviewed here. We also describe a diagnostic algorithm for identifying the autoimmune forms of CHP.