Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis of still unknown etiology. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria that include fever, exanthema, conjunctivitis, changes in the extremities, erythema of oral mucosa and lips, and cervical lymphadenopathy. However, these criteria have low sensitivity and specificity, and therefore, other clinical and laboratory features may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis, especially for cases of atypical or incomplete Kawasaki disease. Prognosis depends on the extent of cardiac involvement; developing coronary aneurysms 20–25% of untreated patients, which may lead to myocardial infarction and sudden death. Treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in reducing the risk of coronary aneurysms in most cases. Corticosteroids are considered for refractory cases and in the initial treatment in patients with higher risk. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC-C), a rare postinfectious hyperinflammatory disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2, and with features overlapping with Kawasaki disease has been identified in last years.