Silica and Silica Nanoparticles: An Approach to Biogenic Synthesis and Their Main Applications

Silica is an inert material, and it is interesting due to its applications as a nanomaterial in many areas. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) have silanol (Si-OH) surface groups. These groups enable functionalization and the development of several modified and hybrid materials with excellent performance. Although silica is a versatile and relatively safe material, SiO2-NPs obtained through synthetic processes may be considered high cost and environmentally damaging. In contrast, green methods and biogenic synthesis routes are promising options to replace synthetic methods, showing countless advantages ranging from low cost to environmental sustainability. Due to the growing interest in silica nanoparticles, the methods of synthesis, and the optimization of existing processes, studies on this nanomaterial are essential for better comprehending its potential and exploring alternative methods for the green synthesis of these nanoparticles.