Biological Cycle of Silicon and Its Role in Agricultural Systems

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element on the Earth’s surface. Its biological cycle holds a significant importance in maintaining the functionality and stability of agricultural ecosystems. Due to weathering and dissolution of silica minerals in soils, the roots absorb dissolved Si (DSi) from the soil solution and then transfer it to plant tissues. During this process, Si may participate in biomineralization and deposition to form phytoliths. Silicon uptake and phytolith formation affect crop growth and development by improving resistance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and heavy metals, as well as biotic stresses, such as microbial or insect diseases. They can also promote the uptake of other essential nutrients. Noteworthy issue is the biological cycle of Si, which relates to Si uptake, phytolith formation and dissolution, and DSi release, which can reduce the use of pesticides in agricultural production to a certain extent, improve soil quality, and protect the environment. This chapter review provides a theoretical foundation for obtaining high agricultural yields.