Performance validity tests (PVTs) allow for objective confirmation that low test scores can be interpreted as reflecting true neurocognitive dysfunction rather than invalid test performance and are a required standard for all neuropsychological evaluations, regardless of context (i.e., medicolegal/forensic or clinical). PVTs are objective measures that detect invalid cognitive test performance and are largely dissociable from symptom validity tests, which assess the credibility of an examinee’s responses on psychological, personality, and specific-symptom inventories. PVTs are either freestanding or embedded within tests of actual cognitive ability. Embedded measures have become increasingly advantageous because they allow for continuous validity assessment throughout evaluation as part of standard test administration procedures. PVTs traditionally used a forced-choice memory recognition paradigm, though have now expanded to include multiple measures and diverse assessment paradigms. Evolving research increasingly highlights the need for more tailored, population-specific failure cutoffs, given that some PVTs will have good sensitivity for detecting invalidity while maintaining adequate specificity levels across clinical populations, particularly among those with cognitive impairment. Future PVT research must continue to address dynamic factors in the field, such as increasing demographic diversity and evolving professional standards, both within neuropsychology specifically and the healthcare and legal industries more broadly.