Lignocellulosic-Based Bio-nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

The development of green products has gained attention thanks to recent developments in materials science, nanotechnology, and ecological awareness. Due to their inherent biocompatibility, lignocellulosic biomaterials excite the biomedical industry. They simultaneously function as a component of biosystems and provide a wide range of attributes and accessibility. Typically, lignocellulosic biomaterials, such as wood which consist of 35–50 wt% of cellulose, 20–35 wt% of hemicellulose, and 10–25 wt% lignin in their natural condition. Long ago, cellulose has been employed in gauzes to cure wounds; today, nanotechnology has opened up many opportunities for a variety of applications for cellulose, including tissue engineering scaffolds, cell regeneration implants, and cell labelling. Both collagen and cellulose are significant components of extracellular matrixes. Similarly, having a particular advantage, hemicellulose functions exceptionally well in drug delivery systems, and because of its chemical variation, lignin is an excellent source of bioactive components, exhibits antioxidant activity, and may be utilized to treat pathogens. The use of LCB nanomaterial in treatments and diagnostics for bettering health is well known. This is frequently used in wound dressing, anti-allergy textiles, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and controlled medication delivery. The conversion of lignin and cellulose polymers into nanoparticles and their uses in treatments and diagnostics are covered in this article. Several pertinent lignocellulosic polymeric applications in the field of medicine are covered in this chapter. The uses of bacterial nanocellulose, which shares the same chemical structure as vegetable cellulose but possesses certain unique qualities, particularly those vital in the biomedical industry, will also be highlighted.