Material development science in the construction industry is saddled with the responsibility of seeking alternative materials that can alleviate the reliance on virgin resources, reduce the energy use associated with building material production, mitigate the pollution associated with the disposal of building materials, and ultimately foster a more sustainable environment. In recent years, fibre-reinforced polymer composites have garnered attention across diverse sectors like automobiles, consumer products, transportation, packaging, and construction. However, bio-based alternatives to these composites offer a promising avenue towards creating more environment-friendly building materials. This paper explores the practical applications of bio-based polymer composites in non-structural contexts, such as building panels, partitions, facades, and structural applications, including internal and external reinforcement. It examines the benefits and challenges inherent in these applications, drawing insights from a comprehensive review of research in the field. Through this review, the paper sheds light on the potential of bio-based polymer composites in developing more sustainable construction materials, providing a pathway towards a greener and more sustainable built environment.