Introduction

“21st Century Foresight: Shaping the Future of Sustainable Social, Economic & Environmental Development in South Africa” introduces a pioneering methodology for Foresight, blending qualitative and quantitative methods with big data analysis to drive science, technology and innovation (STI) policies. Through a comprehensive national Foresight study in South Africa, this book offers guidelines for practitioners and policymakers, aiming to enhance living conditions and advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The South African case study demonstrates how social and economic challenges can be tackled inclusively and sustainably. With a focus on emerging and developing economies, the book presents novel methodological innovations applicable to global challenges of the twenty-first century. Divided into four parts, the book delves into foundational aspects of foresight, showcases the South African case study, explores key STI domains and concludes with policy implications. The study presented underscores the importance of context, stakeholder engagement, capacity building, adequate resourcing, infrastructure, partnerships and continuous learning in driving successful foresight exercises. Foresight emerges as a vital tool for shaping desired futures, empowering decision-makers and fostering inclusive growth and social justice.