Plant Growth Under Extreme Climatic Conditions

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the frequency and intensity of climate severe events, which has caused extraordinary reactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Global climate change is the primary cause of the abiotic and biotic pressures that have adverse consequences on agricultural output to an irreversible degree and endanger sustainable agriculture. Extreme weather events have become more often due to ongoing climate change, which poses a serious danger to plant survival and development. Extreme environmental conditions such as drought, cold or high soil salinity impede plant growth and require specific adaptation capacity. Plant morphological, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic characteristics are impacted by these climate change-induced abiotic stresses, particularly drought, extreme temperatures, cyclones, and floods. These effects are achieved through a variety of pathways and mechanisms, which ultimately inhibits plant development, growth, and productivity. It is crucial but difficult to resolve how plant grows in response to harsh climates. In this chapter, we mainly highlight the plants’ responses which activated responses to severe climatic conditions and help to boost growth.