Venous Anomalies in Craniosynostosis

Venous hypertension is an important factor related to intracranial hypertension in complex craniosynostosis. It is associated with jugular foramen stenosis or atresia with the development of collateral emissary veins, which generate potential risks for surgical intervention. As children with complex craniosynostosis usually undergo multiple surgeries, including expansion of the posterior calvaria, fronto-orbital advancement in childhood, midface advancement in adolescence, decompression of the posterior fossa, and treatment of hydrocephalus, the study of venous anatomy in children with complex and syndromic craniosynostosis is essential for surgical planning in order to reduce risks of interruption of the circulation of anomalous vessels, which can be life-threatening.