Historical Perspective on the Evolution of the Techniques and Controversies

The evolution of modern surgery for the treatment of craniosynostosis represents more than 150 years of new attempts, failures and rewarding successes from the pioneer linear craniectomies to the complete skull reconstruction and remodelling to the current return to linear craniectomies nowadays performed in a very young age, with minor blood losses, intraoperative endoscopy assistance and postoperative helmet moulding. In parallel to the surgical acquisitions, the involvement of several specialists has contributed to an improved understanding of the disease and better surgical outcomes. Genetics will likely contribute significantly in the near future, impacting the surgical management itself.