Anaerobic Treatment of Dye Wastewater
摘要
The printing and dyeing industry generates a significant volume of wastewater, which poses a considerable challenge for treatment due to the presence of various toxic compounds, dyes, and other recalcitrant substances. Anaerobic degradation offers an economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and innovative solution for treating wastewater that contains azo dyes, which enables decolorization and safe discharge or reuse of water. The biological decolorization mechanisms of extracellular electron transport and Ni-Fe hydrogenase exist in two genera of Shewanella and Caldicellulosiruptor, respectively. The commonly used anaerobic reactors for decolorization include the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, expanded granular sludge bed, anaerobic baffled reactor, and anaerobic membrane bioreactor. Recently, novel thermophilic bacteria such as Caldicellulosiruptor, Caldanaerobacter, Caldibacillus, and Aeribacillus have been utilized to develop a process for high temperature decolorization. To refine the treatment processes of dye wastewater, novel strategies, including machine learning, advanced multi-omics technologies, robust monitoring and control systems, and by-product identification, can be employed in future.