Modern Synthesis (3): The Contributions of Haldane

HaldaneHaldane, John Burdon Sanderson was the third founding father of the modern synthesismodern synthesis. In one of his early papers, he derived a fundamental equation for the selection intensity, which he applied to industrial melanismindustrial melanism. His estimate of a large value for the selection intensity was later confirmed by KettlewellKettlewell, H.B.D.. In another paper, he introduced mutationmutation in his selection model and showed that the probability of survival of an initial mutationmutation is approximately twice the selection intensity when the latter was small. In 1957, HaldaneHaldane, John Burdon Sanderson formally introduced the concept of the cost of natural selectionselectionnatural. This was one of the influences in Kimura’s later development of the neutral model, although both Haldane’sHaldane, John Burdon Sanderson and Kimura’s calculations of the cost have been criticized. In 1964, HaldaneHaldane, John Burdon Sanderson defended the works of the population geneticists against Mayr’sMayr, Ernst beanbag geneticsbeanbag genetics criticism.