Non-coding RNA-Mediated Regulation of Genes Expression in Response to Abiotic Stresses

Throughout their life cycle, plants experience various stresses either separately or in combination. They consider changes in their surroundings as stress. Plants have developed sensing and signaling systems that enable them to recognize and react to a wide range of stressors. The lncRNAs activate or repress target genes in a variety of stress responses, they are viable options to use in breeding programs that are climate resilient. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), once known as “genomic dark matter,” have come to light because of their vital functions in regulating cellular responses to outside stimuli. The complicated and diverse field of non-coding RNAs, such as circular RNAs (the circRNAs), long RNAs that are (short non-coding), and microRNAs, which (miRNAs), is thoroughly explored in this review, along with their intricate roles in controlling gene expression in response to abiotic stress. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs that play key roles in transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications in a wide range of biological activities. We investigate the processes by which these non-coding RNAs regulate both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages of gene expression. It explains how miRNAs control target gene expression through translational inhibition or mRNA degradation, whereas lncRNAs act as molecular scaffolds, guides, or decoys that affect the mechanisms of gene expression. Additionally, research is being done on the changing role that circular RNAs, or circRNAs, play in regulating gene expression through a variety of methods. In addition, the review offers a thorough summary of the particular non-coding RNA-mediated regulatory pathways that are triggered in reaction to significant abiotic stressors like salinity, drought, temperature extremes, and nutrient shortages.