Digital Twins for Healthcare in Industry 5.0: Fundamentals, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Applications, Diagnostic Precision, Digital Patient Innovations, and Drug Discovery Impact

A new era of patient-centered care delivery marked by unparalleled accuracy, productivity, and patient-centeredness is set to begin with Industry 5.0 and digital twin technologies. Digital twin (DT) has taken the role of a model in engineering sectors for the past few decades. It has come to light in the health sectors over the past few years. This chapter provides a thorough examination of DT and its crucial role in transforming different parts of healthcare. The chapter starts by providing a concise introduction to DT and its fundamental elements. It then explores the complicated mechanisms of these components, presenting informative simulations to improve comprehension. The application of DT in pharmaceutical production is explained using real-life examples, demonstrating how it is incorporated with process analytical technology (PAT) techniques, data management systems, flowsheet models, and other essential components. The study highlights the importance of DT in preventing incorrect diagnoses and improper treatments, emphasizing its role in improving patient care and safety. Moreover, the chapter elucidates the profound effect of digital patient—a pioneering advancement enabled by DT—on individuals’ lives, emphasizing its features and contributions to healthcare. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the crucial importance of DT in driving progress in drug discovery and development, influencing the vision of pharmaceutical innovation.