The chapter presents some conceptual approaches and research of diversity in the field of social psychology to clarify the need to develop competence and tolerance toward different groups in society. We examine the complex and delicate phenomenology surrounding the understanding and acceptance of diversity, particularly cultural and ethnic differences. This chapter reveals the multifaceted nature of discrimination and tolerance in Bulgaria, drawing conclusions from several studies and analyzing interethnic and intercultural attitudes, identities, perceptions of discrimination, social norms, and support for multicultural rights. It highlights the need for research attention and practical interest from institutions to develop competencies in the field of diversity. While positive trends and mutual recognition exist, deeper internalized social representations of diversity require significant efforts. Factors such as socio-cultural policy and strategic programs are essential in overcoming barriers and promoting acceptance among nations, cultures, and communities.