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This chapter examines French educational outcomes before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-COVID trends reveal a slow continuous decline in academic performance over time, and steadily strong social inequality. Post-COVID evolution is mixed: PISA 2022 shows a sharp decline in performance for 15-year-old students, stronger than in the average OECD country; but PIRLS 2021 shows a remarkable stability in the reading skills of 4th Grade students, which looks like an exception in the context of a global decline in performance; finally, social inequality did not deteriorate in France, which also contrasts with the typical OECD country. These mixed results may be related to the fact that French school closed much less than in most countries during the pandemic, and to the class-size reduction reform implemented in 2017 in Grade 1 and 2 in disadvantaged schools. These policies may have counteracted the pandemic losses for young students, although not for adolescents.

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France: How COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Learning and Equity of the Education System

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Elise Huillery

摘要

This chapter examines French educational outcomes before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-COVID trends reveal a slow continuous decline in academic performance over time, and steadily strong social inequality. Post-COVID evolution is mixed: PISA 2022 shows a sharp decline in performance for 15-year-old students, stronger than in the average OECD country; but PIRLS 2021 shows a remarkable stability in the reading skills of 4th Grade students, which looks like an exception in the context of a global decline in performance; finally, social inequality did not deteriorate in France, which also contrasts with the typical OECD country. These mixed results may be related to the fact that French school closed much less than in most countries during the pandemic, and to the class-size reduction reform implemented in 2017 in Grade 1 and 2 in disadvantaged schools. These policies may have counteracted the pandemic losses for young students, although not for adolescents.