Patch Antenna Design and Analysis for 5G Applications at 3.5 GHz

This study specifically focuses on the fabrication of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed for wireless applications operating at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The antenna being looked at is symmetrical and was made using Rogers RT5880 (Design-I) and FR-4 (Design-II) substrates, both of which use a corporate feed input. Thickness, dielectric constant ( \({\upvarepsilon }_{r}\) ), and loss tangent ( \(\updelta\) ) of Rogers RT5880 and FR-4 are 1.6 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.2, 4.3 and 0.0009, 0.025, respectively. Evaluating the antenna’s performance depends on several factors: return loss, VSWR, gain, surface current, and radiation pattern using CST software. The substrate materials have different relative permittivity and thickness values, and the results show considerable differences. Additionally, the plots were generated utilizing the Origin Pro software. For Design-I, Return loss, VSWR, Gain, directivity, surface current, and efficiency were found to be −46.80 dB, 1.009, 5.64 dBi, 6.49 dBi, 67.9 A/m, and 86.9%. For design-II were found to be −45.09 dB, 1.011, 3.13 dBi, 6.07 dBi, 88.5 A/m and 51.56%. The efficiency of Rogers RT5880 antennas is 86.9%, which is significantly higher than the efficiency of FR-4 antennas, which is 51.56%. Design-I has a bandwidth of 136 MHz, while Design-II has a bandwidth of 124 MHz. Therefore, all the suggested antennas will have a capacity above 100 MHz. The simulation results were found to be highly consistent with the actual data.