Modeling the Dynamic Effects of Parathyroid Hormone Therapy on Bone Remodeling

A mathematical model examines the temporal effects of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and external dosages on bone remodeling. Sex steroids, especially estrogen, crucially maintain bone equilibrium. Daily PTH injections, with dual anabolic or catabolic action, are prominent for severe osteoporosis. The study predicts osteogenic responses to PTH, considering factors like TGF- \(\beta \) (Transforming Growth Factor- \(\beta \) ), RANKL (RANK Ligand), bisphosphonates, PTH’s influence on the gland, and regulatory roles of \(Runx_2\) (Runt-related transcription factor 2), \(p_{CREB}\) (Phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein), and \(Bcl_2\) (B-cell lymphoma 2). Utilizing methods such as numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis, it comprehends how PTH therapy impacts bone volume, enhancing its therapeutic relevance.