In the era of increasing industrial reliance on energy storage, the concerns for safety and environmental compatibility are reinforcing the research interest towards advanced materials and battery architectures. This momentum is particularly evident in the realm of rechargeable batteries and the daily usage of electric devices, where the integrity of Battery Management Systems (BMSs) is paramount. Against this background, the present chapter analyzes model-based control approaches, which depend on rigorous battery models for state estimation, a key element for conceiving reliable BMSs. It commences by revisiting crucial battery operational concepts such as State-of-Charge (SoC), State-of-Health (SoH), Depth-of-Discharge (DoD), and rated capacity. Thenceforth, it scrutinizes the spectrum of methodologies for determining battery model parameters and state estimations, underlining their significance in enhancing battery performance analytics. Concurrently, the analysis recalls the constraints of existing approaches, delineating critical directions for future exploration. The discourse culminates by emphasizing zinc-air batteries, showcasing them not only as a case study for the reviewed modeling methods but also as a vanguard technology in the current quest for sustainable energy solutions. This focus underlines the criticality of continued innovation in zinc-air battery technologies, illuminating their potential to meet the escalating demands of sustainable energy systems.