The maximalist or hard version of Artificial Intelligence [hAI] revolves around an enlargement of the limits of the human which goes far beyond merely complementing our existing abilities, in order to give rise to what amounts to another species. It is based on a theoretical framework dominated by the tension between two great visions of the world which we could call ‘materialist’ and ‘humanist’. The extreme position of hAI depends on an intellectual commitment to one or another of these two visions and implies, thus, various philosophical assumptions. In this chapter – “Reach and Limits of Artificial Intelligence: from Neuroscience to Cinema” – I will discuss the scope and boundaries of hAI, using as an interface the ways it has been approached in cinema. In the first section three phases are identified in the relationship between cinema and hAI. We will then focus on both its reach and limits from the point of view of its anthropological-philosophical assumptions. In the last section, these will be exemplified in two films: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (Spielberg, 2001) and Eva (Maillo, 2011).