From a philosophico-methodological perspective, this chapter analyzes fact, fiction, and fake news in the context of the relationship between science and cinema. This analysis is mainly focused on semantic, epistemological, methodological, and ontological aspects, but logical, axiological, and ethical elements are also considered. The underlying problem is fake news in cinema (and, as far as it coincides, in television series), seen from science and through comparative analysis with the notions of “fact” and “fiction.”  The analysis begins with the role of science in the case of films and the problem of fake news. After this framework, the focus is on the distinction between fiction and fake news, looking at the characteristics of “fiction” and how one moves from fiction to fake news. Later, it delves into the notion of “fact” and the differences with fake news and fiction in cinema. This involves highlighting that the facts are based on natural occurrences, social events, or artificial phenomena. In addition, there is emphasis on the existence of many types of facts, as can be seen from semantic, epistemological, methodological, and ontological aspects. Lastly, there is an assessment of films, facts, and fake news. On the one hand, this is related to the problems about truth and consensus; and, on the other hand, there are the issues about misinformation and disinformation.

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Science, Fact, Fiction, and Fake News in Cinema: Semantic, Epistemological, Methodological, and Ontological Aspects

  • Wenceslao J. Gonzalez

摘要

From a philosophico-methodological perspective, this chapter analyzes fact, fiction, and fake news in the context of the relationship between science and cinema. This analysis is mainly focused on semantic, epistemological, methodological, and ontological aspects, but logical, axiological, and ethical elements are also considered. The underlying problem is fake news in cinema (and, as far as it coincides, in television series), seen from science and through comparative analysis with the notions of “fact” and “fiction.”  The analysis begins with the role of science in the case of films and the problem of fake news. After this framework, the focus is on the distinction between fiction and fake news, looking at the characteristics of “fiction” and how one moves from fiction to fake news. Later, it delves into the notion of “fact” and the differences with fake news and fiction in cinema. This involves highlighting that the facts are based on natural occurrences, social events, or artificial phenomena. In addition, there is emphasis on the existence of many types of facts, as can be seen from semantic, epistemological, methodological, and ontological aspects. Lastly, there is an assessment of films, facts, and fake news. On the one hand, this is related to the problems about truth and consensus; and, on the other hand, there are the issues about misinformation and disinformation.